OVERVIEW
An extremely fine-grained natural earthy material composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates.

OVERVIEW
A sedimentary rock of organic origin consisting predominantly of carbonised plant remains.

UTAH MINING ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES:
Wolverine Fuels – Sufco Mine, Skyline Mine, Dugout Canyon Mine
Bronco Utah

OVERVIEW
A reddish metallic element that takes on a bright metallic luster and is malleable, ductile, and a good conductor of heat and electricity. The world’s largest open-pit copper mine is at Bingham Canyon just southwest of Salt Lake City. The copper occurs in copper sulfide grains scattered through volcanic and intrusive rock and in high-grade veins and replacement bodies in the limestones around the intrusive rock. Copper has been produced from about 50 mining districts in Utah, most in the western part of the state. Some copper is associated with uranium and vanadium in sandstones in the Colorado Plateau. Uses include: building construction, electrical and electronic products, and industrial machinery.

UTAH MINING ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES:
Rio Tinto Kennecott
Lisbon Valley Mining Company

OVERVIEW
Gilsonite^® is a very pure resinous rock, formed of a complex combination of different kinds of hydrocarbons. This unique natural combination is rich in nitrogen and beta-carotenes and low in sulfur. Gilsonite^® uintaite is only found in one 

UTAH MINING ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES:
American Gilsonite Company

A malleable ductile yellow metallic element. Much of Utah’s gold production has been as a byproduct of copper-lead-zinc ore, especially from Bingham Canyon. North of Bingham Canyon, the Barney’s Canyon mine is currently the state’s largest primary gold producer. Some of Utah’s gold has been recovered from weathered near-surface veins. One large placer gold deposit was found in Bingham Canyon in 1864 and other smaller placers were found along the Colorado River and its tributaries. Utah usually ranks second or third in production of gold in the United States. Uses include: jewelry, arts, electronics, dental, and coinage.

OVERVIEW
Loose aggregate, unlithified mineral or rock particles of gravel or sand size

OVERVIEW
The most common sulphate mineral.
Found as both massive material, including the alabaster variety; and clear crystals, the selenite variety; and, parallel fibrous, the satin spar variety. Typically colourless to white, transparent crystals, thick tabular to lenticular, sometimes prismatic.

OVERVIEW
A heavy malleable ductile magnetic silver-white metallic element. High-grade iron ore is found in many small deposits in the Wasatch and Uinta Mountains, but large deposits are found only in southwestern Utah. For many years iron ore has been mined at the Iron Springs district in Iron County, where it occurs as magnetite and hematite replacements of limestone around a granitic intrusion. Uses include: pig-iron, steel making, and cement.

OVERVIEW
A sedimentary rock consisting chiefly (more than 50% by weight or by areal percentages under the microscope) of calcium carbonate, primarily in the form of the mineral calcite, and with or without magnesium carbonate; specifically a carbonate sedimentary rock containing more than 95% calcite and less than 5% dolomite. Common minor constituents include silica (chalcedony), feldspar, clays, pyrite, and siderite. Limestones are formed by either organic or inorganic processes, and may be detrital, chemical, oolitic, earthy, crystalline, or recrystallized; many are highly fossiliferous and clearly represent ancient shell banks or coral reefs. Limestones include chalk, calcarenite, coquina, and travertine, and they effervesce freely with any common acid.

OVERVIEW
Magnesium is the third-most-commonly-used structural metal, following iron and aluminum. The main applications of magnesium are, in order: aluminum alloys, die-casting (alloyed with zinc), removing sulfur in the production of iron and steel, and the production of titanium in the Kroll process. Magnesium is used in super-strong, lightweight materials and alloys. For example, when infused with silicon carbide nanoparticles, it has extremely high specific strength.

UTAH MINING OPERATIONS
US Mag

OVERVIEW

Most molybdenum is obtained from molybdenite, wulfenite (PbMoO₄) and powellite (CaMoO₄). These ores typically occur in conjunction with ores of tin and tungsten. Molybdenum is also obtained as a byproduct of mining and processing tungsten and copper. Molybdenum has a high melting point and is used to make the electrodes of electrically heated glass furnaces. Some electrical filaments are also made from molybdenum. The metal is used to make some missile and aircraft parts and is used in the nuclear power industry. Molybdenum is also used as a catalyst in the refining of petroleum.

UTAH MINING ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES:
Rio Tinto Kennecott

OVERVIEW
A mineral commodity supplying phosphorus, usually for agricultural or chemical purposes. The source materials for phosphate are marine phosphorite and, less commonly, guano and apatite-rich igneous rocks.

UTAH MINING ASSOCIATION MEMBER COMPANIES:
Simplot Vernal Mine

OVERVIEW
Natural sodium chloride (also named rocksalt; water-soluble). Occurs both as evaporite deposits in saline lakes and watercourses, or as bedded sedimentary deposits, or as salt domes.

A white metallic element that is very ductile and malleable. Many of the metalliferous or lode deposits in western Utah contain a mixture of silver, lead, and zinc, with lesser amounts of copper, gold, and other minor metals. These deposits are found where the fluids from igneous intrusions have reacted with the surrounding rock, especially carbonates, to precipitate metallic sulfides in fractures and voids. The most important lode production in Utah has come from mining districts within 50 miles of Salt Lake City. Uses include: photography, electrical and electronic products, silverware, and jewelry.

OVERVIEW
A radioactive, silvery-white, metallic element. Uranium is produced first for its radium content, then for the vanadium associated with it. Thousands of occurrences have been found in southeastern Utah in the sandstones of the Colorado Plateau. Some occurrences have also been found with lode deposits related to volcanic activity and granitic intrusions. Uses include: munitions and power plants.

OVERVIEW
A gray or white, malleable, ductile, metallic element. Vanadium occurs with uranium in the Colorado Plateau (see Uranium). Uses include: hardens steel utilized in construction, machinery, and transportation.

OVERVIEW
A bluish-white, lustrous metal. Zinc occurs with lode ores that are usually mined primarily for their silver and lead content (see Silver). Uses include: chemical, agricultural, rubber, and paint industries.